The materials section
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Sensors and sensors R&D is multidisciplinary. In this regard, materials science and mechanical engineering frequently play key roles. Clearly construction materials and properties impact sensor design and fabrication. However beyond that the material properties and behaviour of the measurand itself determine or impact the nature of the sensor and its operation, such as in spectroscopic instruments or flow sensors while some specialised materials such as piezoelectric materials, enable certain types of sensor. This section includes links to web sites which provide descriptions or property data on a wide range of gas, liquid and solid materials including biomaterials and smart materials.

Periodic table - courtesy of Mark Winter, University of Sheffield - there are a number of these on the web, this one is possibly the best.
Periodic table - another excellent site which also contains information on health and environmental effects - presented in five languages.
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Matweb
- the Online Materials Information Resource - features property data on over 12,000 materials - polymers, metals, ceramics.
Metals related web sites - courtesy of Kelk Corporation.
Metalworking Links - courtesy of Weldaloy.
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Metals properties data
- chemistry, mechanical, general description, applications, welding, machining, and forming data on more than 5000 ferrous and non-ferrous materials - provided by Principal Metals.
NIST Chemistry Web Book - "provides users with easy access to chemical and physical property data for chemical species…….the data provided in the site are from collections maintained by the NIST Standard Reference Data Program and outside contributors."
ChemFinder WebServer from CambridgeSoft Corporation.
Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems - NIST - density, Cp, enthalpy, internal energy, specific volume, Cv, entropy, speed of sound for water, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, helium, methane, ethane, etc.
Nanomaterials at the NPL Materials Centre (MATC) An informative site. MATC is working on developing measurement methods for nanomaterials and understanding the behaviour of nanomaterials at the nanoscale.
Physical Properties of Gases - courtesy of Air Liquide.
Saturated Steam Tables - a calculator provided by University of Connecticut, Architectural & Engineering Services.
Index to Physical Chemical and Other Property Data an extensive index to book and Internet references by letter ranging from "A,B,C" Constants/Coefficients to Young's modulus, provided by Arizona State University, Noble Library.
Thermodynamic properties predictions for mixtures - provided by Quest Consultants Inc.
TPSX Material Properties Database - provided by NASA Registration required.
PlasticsDotCom
Mechanical and chemical properties of major polymers, including medical polymers - provided by Plasticsusa.com.
Thermoplastic material selection guide for injection molding - Actech, Inc.
Corrosion Source - an extensive resource.
Cole Parmer chemical compatibility database - select your corrosive and your material and see what the compatibility is.
Chemical Database - University of Akron.
Materials Safety Data Sheets Databases
- provided by MSDS Search.
Materials Science Catalog - from Sigma-Aldrich A series of extensive downloadable pdf sections including Biocompatible/Biodegradable Materials, Display & Photovoltaic Materials, Fuel Cell/Battery Materials, Magnetic Materials, Materials for Thin Films/Microelectronics, Materials for Lithography/Nanopatterning,Nanomaterials and Photonic/Optical Materials. This contenet-rich site also provides a Materials Science Technical Guide Archive featuring a series of highly specific additional downloadable texts along with a link to a Polymer Catalog & Reference Guide.
WWW Virtual Library Ceramics - provided by the Fraunhofer Institute.
WWW Virtual Library: Chemical Engineering: Ceramics - maintained by The University of Florida.
Worldwide Composites Search Engine - Deltronix Enterprises.
Composite solutions - Owens Corning.
Properties of sapphire - courtesy of Saphikon, Inc. - note the properties may vary depending on the manufacturer.
Acoustic materials properties - extensive data provided by Onda Corporation.
Rubber Types - used for precision industrial rubber components, courtesy of Metflex < SRC LE>
Dielectric constant reference guide - extensive list courtesy of ASI Instruments, Inc.
Hint: Recall that dielectric constant and refractive index are related quantities. For example, for non-polar materials the square of refractive index is numerically equal to the dieletric constant.
Refractive index of gases - from the Kaye & Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants - National Physical Laboratory site.
Refractive index of optical materials - which includes data for optical glasses, plastics and cements, calcite, crystal quartz and synthetics along with some liquids and other miscellaneous materials. (part of the same site as the previous reference)
Chalcogenide glasses - IR transmissive materials Umicore (alternative to Ge) and Amorphous Materials (data sheets available at both sites).
Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering - an Institute of Physics Journal - abstracts available online.
Materials Research Society - includes the Journal of Materials Research
Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers, list provided by the Div. of Materials Research, NSF.
Magnetic properties of materials - "an introduction for the designer of electrical wound components to the part played by materials within the magnetic field, and a summary of related termonology." - provided by University of Surrey.
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>>>>BIOMATERIALS

Society for Biomaterials
The European Society for Biomaterials
Biomaterials Properties Database - dental and medical, Univ. Michigan, NIDR Materials Science Research Center.
Biomaterials - Elsevier journal.
Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition
Medical Plastics and Biomaterials Magazine - a trade journal.

>>>>SMART MATERIALS / STRUCTURES

ISIS (Intelligent Sensing for Innovative Structures) program in Canada.
Smart Materials and Structures Design Laboratory - University of Michigan. (provides links to Smart Materials Sites)
Smart Materials and Structures at Sandia
Fiber Optic Smart Structures Laboratory (FOSSL) - University of Toronto.
Force transduction materials for human-technology interfaces - (pdf file) paper by R. Fletcher , 1996, IBM Systems Journal. Discusses a range of materials suitable for electromechanical force transduction.
Smart materials for wearable motion capture systems - (pdf file) paper by A.Mazzoldi et al, AUTEX Research Journal, Vol. 2, No4.
Xxsys Technologies, Inc. - a smart composite material comprising piezoelectric sensors embedded in a carbon composite material used to reinforce and monitor the stresses in bridges.
Smart Materials and Structures - an Institute of Physics Journal.
Quantum tunneling composites - electrical resistance drops exponentially with applied pressure - applications in switches and force transducers. Peratech.
The Institute of Textiles and Clothing (ITC), Hong Kong Polytechnic University has research activities in intelligent textiles.

SHAPE MEMORY ALLOY (SMA) links:

Shape Memory Alloys -explanations and applications for SMA's - SMA/MEMS Research Group, University of Alberta.
SMA Based De-icing System - a project report from NASA Lewis.

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS, (e.g. Terfenol-D):

Magnetostrictive Transducers, Actuators, and Sensors at Iowa State University

Back in Style: Magnetostrictive Sensors - by H. Kwun, - Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) - also includes a short article entitled Diagnosing engine problems with magnetostrictive sensors
Terfenol-D - summary properties supplied by Etrema Products, Inc.

PIEZOCERAMICS AND PIEZOPOLYMERS, (e.g. PVDF):

Piezo education
- including application data, the basic principles or piezo sensors and actuators, a brief history of developments, and recommended reading about piezoelectricity - courtesy of Piezo Systems, Inc.
Theory of piezoelectricity - APC International.
Microfluidic channels with integrated ultrasonic transducers - a presentation by Jagannath et al, Stanford University, (pdf file).

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